A2Unit5

Unit 5: PHA5A-5D Nuclear Physics, Thermal Physics and an Optional Topic

Nuclear Energy
|| || Estimating radius of the nucleus using Electron Diffraction - Homework || || [|Video - In Search of Giants (3 of 15) - The Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus] || || || [|Nuclide Chart] [|Lifetime of a Neutron in a Nucleus] || || [|Video - Einstein's equation of Life and Death Part 1] [|Video - Einstein's equation of Life and Death Part 2] || || [|Video - Einstein's equation of Life and Death Part 3] [|Video - Einstein's equation of Life and Death Part 4] || ||
 * **Lesson No.** || **Date** || **Topics Covered** || **Resources & Links** ||
 * 0 || - || Choosing the Option || [[file:Nuclear & Thermal - All.ppt]]
 * 1 || 04/09/09 || Alpha, Beta & Gamma Radiation - relative hazards of exposure to humans, safe handling of radioactive sources (in relation to inverse square law) || [[file:Introduction to A2 Level Physics.ppt]]
 * 2 || 04/09/09 || Nuclear Radius - Estimates of radius, dependence of radius on nucleon number, calculation of nuclear density
 * 3 || 07/09/09 || Estimating radius of the nucleus from :alpha: scattering || [[file:Nuclear Physics - Radius Estimate.ppt]] ||
 * 4 || 11/09/09 || Safety Aspects - Fuel used, shielding, emergyency shut-down. Production, handling and storage of radioactive waste materials || [[file:Nuclear Physics - Safety Aspects.ppt]] ||
 * 1 ||  || Discovery of the Nucleus || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_01_Discovery_of_the_Nucleus.ppt]]
 * 2 ||  || The Properties of alpha, beta, gamma radaion || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_02_Properties_of_Radiation.ppt]] ||
 * 2b ||  || PSV - Beta absorption by Aluminium- 1/2 value || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_02b_PSV_Tips.txt]] ||
 * 3 ||  || More About Alpha, Beta, Gamma || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_03_More_about_alpha_beta_and_gamma_radiation.ppt]] ||
 * 4 ||  || The Dangers of Radioactivity || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_04_Hazards_of_Radiation.ppt]] ||
 * 5 ||  || Radioactive Decay || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_05_Radioactive_Decay.ppt]]
 * 6 ||  || The Mole ||   ||
 * 7 ||  || The Theory of Radioactive Decay || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_07_Theory_of_Radioactive_Decay.ppt]]
 * 8 ||  || Radioactive isotopes in Use ||   ||
 * 9 ||  || More about Decay Modes (practice decay questions) || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_09_More_About_Decay_Modes.ppt]]
 * 10 ||  || Nuclear Energy Levels ||   ||
 * 11 ||  || Nuclear Radius || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_11_Nuclear_Radius.ppt]]
 * 12 ||  || Energy and Mass || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_12_Energy_&_Mass.ppt]]
 * 13 ||  || Binding Energy || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_13_Binding_Energy.ppt]]
 * 14 ||  || Fission and Fusion || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_14_Fission_&_Fusion.ppt]]
 * 15 ||  || The Thermal Nuclear Reactor || [[file:A2_Unit5_Nuclear_15_The_Thermal_Nuclear_Reactor.ppt]]

Thermal Physics
|| || 25/09/09 || Gas Laws as experimental relationships between p,V,T and mass, concept of absolute zero of temperature. Practical Work - Gas Laws. || ||
 * **Lesson No.** || **Date** || **Topics Covered** || **Resources & Links** ||
 * 5 || 02/09/09 || Calculations involving change of energy for a change of temperature. || [[file:Thermal Physics 1 - Specific Heat Capacity.ppt]]
 * 6 || 02/10/09 || Practical Skills Verification - determination of specific heat capacity of a solid using data loggers. || [[file:Thermal PSV - MC's group.csv]]
 * 7 || 05/10/09 || Calculations involving change of energy for a change of state. || [[file:Thermal Physics 2 - Latent Heat.ppt]] ||
 * 8 || 18/09/09
 * 9 || 21/09/09 || Ideal gas equation as pV = nRT and pV = NkT, Molar mass and molecular mass || [[file:Thermal Physics 4 - Ideal Gas Equation.ppt]] ||
 * 10 || 02/10/09 || Explanation of relationships between p, V and T in terms of a simple molecular model || [[file:Thermal Physics 5 - Kinetic Theory of Gases.ppt]] ||
 * 11 || 05/10/09 || Assumptions leading to and derivation of pV = 1/3Nmc(rms)^2 || [[file:Thermal Physics 6 - Deriving the Kinetic Theory Equation.ppt]] ||
 * 12 || 09/10/09 || Derivation of average molecular kinetic energy equation. || [[file:Thermal Physics 7 - Average Kinetic Energy of a Molecule.ppt]] ||
 * 13 || 16/10/09 || Past Paper Question Practice and beta radiation PSV || [[file:Thermal Physics 8 - Brownian Motion.ppt]] ||
 * 14 || 16/10/09 || Past Paper Question Practice and beta radiation PSV ||  ||
 * 15 || 19/10/09 || Finish Nuclear & Thermal. Thermal Revision and Practice Exam Questions ||  ||

Telescopes
Ray diagrams, 1/u + 1/v = 1/f || [|Khan Academy: Concave Lenses] [|Khan Academy: Convex Lenses] || Focal lengths of the lenses || || Relative merits of reflectors and refractors including a qualitative treatment of spherical and chromatic aberration. || || || Homework :) ||  ||
 * **Lesson No.** || **Date** || **Topics Covered** || **Resources & Links** ||
 * 16 || 06/11/09 || Principal focus, focal length of converging lens, formation of images by a converging lens.
 * 17 || 09/11/09 || Ray diagram to show the image formation in normal adjustment, angular magnification in normal adjustment
 * 18 || 23/11/09 || Focal point of concave mirror, cassegrain arrangement, ray diagram to show path of rays through the telescope.
 * 19 || 27/11/09 || Appreciation of diffraction pattern produced by circular aperture, resolving power of telescope, Rayleigh criterion || [[file:Astrophysics 4 - Resolving Power.ppt]]
 * 20 || 04/12/09 || Use of CCD to capture images, Structure and operation of the charged couple device (see specification for description) || [[file:Astrophysics 5 - CCDs.ppt]] ||
 * 21 || 07/12/09 || Radio telescopes - similarities and differences compared to optical telescopes including structure, positioning and use.

Classification of Stars
Relation between intensity and apparent magnitude, Measurement of m from photographic plates and distinction between photographic and visual magnitude not required. || || Khan Academy: Parsec Definition || Use of Wien's displacement law to estimate black-body temperature of sources. Inverse square law. Use of Stefan's law to estimate area needed for sources to have same power output as the Sun. P = σAT^4. || || || Khan Academy: Becoming a Red Giant Khan Academy: White and Black Dwarfs || Khan Academy: Supernova || Khan Academy: Black Holes Khan Academy: Supermassive Black Holes ||
 * **Lesson No.** || **Date** || **Topics Covered** || **Resources & Links** ||
 * 22 ||  || Relation between brightness and apparent magnitude.
 * 23 ||  || Parsec and light year, definition of M, relation to m, m - M = 5 log (d/10) || [[file:Astrophysics 8 - Absolute Magnitude.ppt]]
 * 24 ||  || Stefan's Law and Wien's Displacement Law, General shape of black body curve, experimental verification not required, assumption that star is a black body.
 * 25 ||  || Description of the main classes, temperature related to absorption spectra limited to Hydrogen Balmer absorption lines || [[file:Astrophysics 10 - Main Classes of Stars.ppt]]
 * 26 ||  || General shape : main sequence, dwarfs and giants, axis scales range from -15 to 10, 50000 K to 2500 K || [[file:Astrophysics 11 - HR Diagram.ppt]]
 * 27 ||  || Stellar evolution: path of a star similar to our Sun on the Hertzsprung Russell diagram from formation to white dwarf || [[file:Astrophysics 12 - Stellar Evolution.ppt]] ||
 * 28 ||  || Defining properties, rapid increase in absolute magnitude of supernova: density of neutron stars, escape velocity for black holes. || [[file:Astrophysics 13 - High Mass Stellar Evolution.ppt]]
 * 29 ||  || Supermassive black holes at the centre of galaxies, calculation of the radius of the event horizon for a black hole Schwarzschild radius (Rs) || [[file:Astrophysics 14 - Black Holes.ppt]]

Cosmology
Calculations on binary stars viewed in the plane of orbit, galaxies and quasars || || Khan Academy: Red Shift || Khan Academy: Big Bang Introduction || Quasars show large optical red shifts; estimation of distance. || Khan Academy: Quasars || Nuclear Energy Question Only:- Nuclear & Astrophysics:- || Nuclear Energy Questions Only:- Thermal Questions Only:- ||
 * **Lesson No.** || **Date** || **Topics Covered** || **Resources & Links** ||
 * 30 ||  || Z=v/c. for v<< c applied to optical and radio frequencies
 * 31 ||  || Red shift, v=Hd, simple interpretation as expansion of universe; estimation of age of universe, assuming H is constant || [[file:Astrophysics 16 - Hubble's Law.ppt]]
 * 32 ||  || Use of supernova as standard candles to determine distances. Controversy concerning accelerating universe and dark energy || [[file:Astrophysics 17 - Type 1a Supernovae.ppt]] ||
 * 33 ||  || Qualitative treatment of Big Bang theory including evidence from cosmological microwave background radiation and relative abundance of H and He || [[file:Astrophysics 18 - The Big Bang.ppt]]
 * 34 ||  || Quasars as the most distant measurable objects, discovery as bright radio sources
 * 35 ||  || Past Paper Questions and Mark Schemes || Thermal:-
 * Mark Schemes ||  ||   || Nuclear Instability & Astrophysics:-