ASUnit1

Particles
Proton Number Z, nuclear number A, nuclide notation, isotopes Equations for alpha decay and β- decay including the neutrino. [|Video - In Search of Giants (9 of 15) - The Weak and Strong Nuclear Forces] || [|Video - In Search of Giants - (11 of 15) The Weird Quantum World] || knowledge of annihilation and pair production processes and respective energies involved [|Video - The Matter with Antimatter] || The weak interaction limited β-, β+ decay electron capture and electron-proton collisions; W+ and W- as the exchange particles, Feynman diagrams. [|Video - In Search of Giants (12 of 15) QED - The Jewel of Physics] || Introduction to particle accelerators. Conservation of charge in allowed decays. [|Video - In Search of Giants (13 of 15) - Particle Accelerators and the Higgs Particle] || Hadrons, baryons, antibaryons, mesons, hadrons are subject to the strong nuclear force,The proton is the only stable baryon into which other baryons eventually decay, in particular the decay of the neutron should be known. || [|Video - In Search of Giants (5 of 15) - The Standard Model of Particle Physics] || [|Large Hadron Rap] ||
 * **Lesson No.** || **Date** || **Topics Covered** || **Resources & Links** ||
 * 1 || 10/09/10 || Proton, Neutron, Electron, charge and mass in SI units and relative units, specific charge of nuclei and of ions, atomic mass unit is not required
 * State the charge and mass in SI units and relative units for the proton, neutron and electron.
 * Define specific charge and calculate its value for nuclei and ions.
 * Interpret nuclide notation including the Proton number //Z// and the nucleon number //A.//
 * Define what is meant by isotope. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_01_Inside_the_Atom.ppt]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_01_Atomic_Structure_Questions.doc]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_01_Atomic_Structure_Answers.doc]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_01_Periodic_Table.doc]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_01_Nuclide_Notation_IOP_Questions.doc]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_01_Nuclide_Notation_IOP_Answers.doc]][|Video - In Search of Giants - Atoms and the Periodic Table (1 of 15)] ||
 * 2 || 13/09/10 || The strong nuclear force, it's role in keeping the nucleus stable, short-range attraction to about 3fm, very short range repulsion below about 0.5 fm
 * To recap specific charge.
 * To know what holds the nucleus together.
 * To know what happens when α, β and γ radiation are emitted. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_02_Stable_and_Unstable_Nuclei.ppt]]
 * 3 || 23/09/10 || Photon model of electromagnetic radiation, the Planck constant E=hf=hc/lambda.
 * To know what a photon is.
 * To know how to calculate the energy of a photon.
 * To be able to calculate how many photons are emitted by a light source every second. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_03_Photons.ppt]]
 * 4 || 23/09/10 || For every type of particle there is a corresponding antiparticle inc. positron, anti-proton, anti neutron and anti-neutrino, Comparison of particle and antiparticle masses, charge and rest energy in MeV
 * Compare rest mass energies of particles and anti-particles
 * Describe the processes of pair production and annihilation.
 * Calculate energies involved in pair production and annihilation. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_04_Particles_and_Antiparticles.ppt]]
 * 5 || 27/09/10 || Concept of exchange particles to explain forces between elementary particles, the electromagnetic force, virtual photons as the exchange particles.
 * Describe how forces are caused by particle exchange.
 * State that for the electromagnetic force, virtual photons are the exchange particles
 * Draw Feynman Diagrams for the following interactions:
 * Neutron-neutrino interaction
 * Proton-antineutrino interaction
 * β− decay
 * β+ decay
 * Electron capture || [[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_05_How_Particles_Interact.ppt]]
 * 6 || 07/10/10 || The Particle Zoo - Feynman Diagram Practice
 * Define the electron volt.
 * Describe how scientists look for new particles.
 * State some quantities which are conserved during decays.
 * Determine whether a decay occurs based on the conservation rules. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_06_The_Particle_Zoo.ppt]]
 * 7 || 07/10/10 || Classifying particles
 * Explain what is meant by the terms hadron, lepton, baryon and meson.
 * Recall the lepton numbers and baryon numbers for a variety of particles. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_07_Particle_Sorting.ppt]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_07_IOP_Lepton_Cards_Mod.doc]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_07_IOP_Hadron_Cards_Mod.doc]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_07_Classifiying_Particles_Exercise.doc]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_07_Baryon_Decay_Worksheet.doc]][|Video - In Search of Giants (4 of 15) - The Existence of Quarks] ||
 * 8 || 08/10/10 || Leptons: electrons, muons, neutrinos, leptons are subject to the weak interaction, baryon numbers for the hadrons. Leptons numbers given in the data booklet.
 * To learn about lepton conservation rules
 * Start practicing questions! || [[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_08_Leptons_At_Work.ppt]]
 * 9 || 11/10/10 || up, down, strange quarks only, properties of quarks: charge baryon number and strangeness, combinations of quarks and antiquarks || [[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_09_Quarks_and_Antiquarks.ppt]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_09_Quark_Compositions.xls]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_09_Which_Hadron_Am_I_Questions.doc]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_09_Which_Hadron_Am_I_Answers.doc]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_09_What_Is_My_Quark_Composition_Questions.doc]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_09_What_Is_My_Quark_Composition_Answers.doc]][[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_09_Quark_Cards_v4.doc]]
 * 10 ||  || change of quark character in β-, β+ decay, application of the conservation laws for charge, baryon number, lepton number and strangeness to particle interactions || [[file:AS_Unit1_Particle_10_Conservation_Rules.ppt]]

Quantum Phenomena
Photon model of electromagnetic radiation, the Planck constant, E=hf=hc/λ. Photoelectric Effect Simulation [|Notes to Help with Homework (Scroll Down to Diagram above Question 1)] || || Understanding of ionisation and excitation in the fluorescent tube. || || ||
 * **Lesson No.** || **Date** || **Topics Covered** || **Resources & Links** ||
 * 1 || 03/09/09 || Introduction and brief description of the photoelectric effect.
 * Describe the three main conclusions of the photo-electric effect.
 * Describe what the ultra-violet catastrophe was and explain how Planck solved the problem.
 * Describe Einstein’s photon model of radiation. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Quantum_01_Photoelectricity.ppt]]
 * 2 || 04/09/09 || Work function phi, threshold frequency, f0, photoelectric equation hf= phi + Ek, stopping potential experiment not required.
 * Determining Planck's constant, work function from plot of E vs. f
 * Define the work function & threshold frequency
 * State and use the photoelectric equation.
 * Explain why electrons leave with a range of kinetic energies.
 * Plot the results from the vacuum photocell to determine Planck’s constant and the work function. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Quantum_02_More About Photoelectricity.ppt]]
 * 3 || 10/09/09 || The electron volt, ionisation and excitation.
 * Explain what is meant by the terms ionisation and excitation.
 * Define the electron volt (eV) and be able to convert between Joules and eV.
 * Describe what happens inside an atom when an electron becomes excited || [[file:AS_Unit1_Quantum_03_Collisions_of_Electrons_with_Atoms.ppt]] ||
 * 4 || 16/09/09 || Discrete energy levels in atoms.
 * Explain what is meant by the term energy level.
 * Describe what happens when excited atoms de-excite.
 * Calculate the energy of emitted photons using the equation hf = E1 - E2.
 * Explain how a fluorescent tube works || [[file:AS_Unit1_Quantum_04_Energy_Levels.ppt]]
 * 5 || 17/09/09 || Line spectra (e.g. of atomic hydrogen) as evidence of transitions between discrete energy levels in atoms hf = E1 - E2.
 * Explain the occurrence of line spectra (e.g. of atomic hydrogen) as evidence of transitions between discrete energy levels in atoms.
 * Practice calculations.
 * How to enter and store numbers in your calculator. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Quantum_05_Line_Spectra.ppt]]
 * 6 || 18/09/09 || Electron diffraction suggests the wave nature of particles and the photoelectric effect suggests the particle nature of electromagnetic waves, de Broglie wavelength lambda=h/mv where mv is the momentum
 * Explain what is meant by wave-particle duality.
 * Describe the main points of de Broglie’s hypothesis that matter particles also have a wave-like nature.
 * State and use the equation λ = h/p = h/mv
 * Describe evidence for de Broglie’s hypothesis. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Quantum_06_Wave_Particle_Duality.ppt]]
 * 7 || 24/09/09 || Calculation practice, exam question practice || [[file:Quantum Revision List.doc]]

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Electricity
Ohm's law as a special case where I is proportional to V. || || Superconductivity as a property of certain materials which have zero resistivity at and below a critical temperature which depends on the material, applications || || The relationships between currents, voltages and resistances in series and parallel circuits including cells in series and identical cells in parallel || Electricity Question Paper + Mark Scheme Jan 2004 and for June 2004:- || Energy E = Ivt, P = IV, P = I^2R practice application e.g. understanding of high current requirement for a starter motor in a motor car || Quantum Particle Question Paper + Mark Scheme Jan 2004 For June 2004 || Application to calculation of mains electricity peak and peak-to-peak voltage values || || January 2005 June 2005 Past papers with mark schemes for Electricity:- January 2005 June 2005 || Electricity Mark Schemes ||
 * **Lesson No.** || **Date** || **Topics Covered** || **Resources & Links** ||
 * 20 ||  || electron current as the rate of flow of charge || [[file:AS_Unit1_Electricity_01_Electric_Current.ppt]] ||
 * 21 ||  || p.d. as work done per unit charge, W=IVt, P=IV. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Electricity_01_Electric_Current.ppt]][[file:Electricity - Lesson 1 - 12C - 2009 - December - 10th - Thursday.doc]] ||
 * 22 ||  || Resistance is defined by R = V/I.
 * 23 ||  || For an ohmic conductor, a semiconductor diode and a filament lamp || [[file:AS_Unit1_Electricity_4_power_and_resistance_heating.ppt]] ||
 * 24 ||  || candidates should have experience of the use of a current sensor and voltage sensor with a data logger to capture data from to determine V-I curves. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Electricity_5_IV_Characteristics.ppt]] ||
 * 26 ||  || rho = RA/l, description of the qualitative effect of temperature on the resistance of metal conductors and thermistors, applications.
 * 32 ||  || conservation of charge and energy in simple dc circuits
 * 33 ||  || Resistors in series, in parallel
 * 28 ||  || ε=E/Q and ε=I(R+r), applications; e.g. low internal resistance for a car battery || [[file:AS_Unit1_Electricity_9_EMF_Internal_resistance.ppt]] ||
 * 35 ||  || Further calculation practice - the relationships between currents, voltages and resistances in cells in series and identical cells in parallel. || No powerpoint ||
 * 37 ||  || More Calculations || [[file:AS_Unit1_Electricity_11_More_circuit_calculations.ppt]][[file:AS_Unit1_Electricity_11_More_circuit_calculations_worksheet.doc]] ||
 * 34 ||  || The potential divider used to supply variable p.d. e.g. application as an audio volume control, examples should include the use of variable resistors, thermistors and L.D.R.'s || [[file:AS_Unit1_Electricity_12_The_potential_divider.ppt]] ||
 * 36 ||  || Sinusoidal voltages and currents only; root mean square, peak and peak-to-peak values for sinusoidal waveforms only.
 * 38 ||  || Use of an oscilloscope as a dc and ac voltmeter, to measure time intervals and frequencies and to display a.c. waveforms. || [[file:AS_Unit1_Electricity_14_Using_an_oscilloscope.ppt]] ||
 * 39 ||  || Oscilloscope Application - Ultrasound || Past papers with mark schemes for Quantum and Particle:-
 * Mark Schemes ||  ||   || Particle & Quantum Mark Schemes